Heat exchanger



Oct. 29, 1957 s. K. ANDERSEN 2,811,337

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 20, 195; s Sheets-Sheet 1 25 saei/xzpwfesmg INVENTOR.

Oct. 29, 1957 s. K. ANDERSEN 2,811,337

HEAT' EXCHANGER Filed July 20, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 saef/rzflwfesag IN V EN TOR.

Oct. 29, 1957 s. K. ANDERSEN ,81 ,337

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 20, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 saezwzmromsi/g I N V EN TOR.

Oct. 29, 1957 5, N s 2,811,337

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 20, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 BY v l,

Oct. 29, 1957 s. K. ANDERSEN HEAT EXCHANGER 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 20, 1951 INVENTOR.

arrae/vv United. States Patent HEAT EXCHANGER Soren K. Andersen, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to The Garrett Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif, a corporation of California Application July 20, 1951, Serial No. 237,713 7 Claims. (Cl. 257-236) This invention relates generally to heat exchangers and relates more particularly to oil coolers for internal combustion engines.

While the invention has utility in connection with oil coolers, and is shown and described in such connection, it is to be understood that its utility is not confined thereto. V A

After a period of use, there is an accumulation of sludge, dirt, metal particles and other foreign material in the cooler which not only impairs the efliciency thereof but may result in the cooler becoming dangerous to use. Periodic internal cleaning must be made and under normal operating conditions it is recommended that the cooler be cleaned at each normal engine change.

Thus relatively frequent cleaning is required and, of course, the cleaning time should, be as short as possible, consistent with a good cleaning job, so that the equipment will not be out of service longer than is necessaryto keep it in condition.

Heretofore, coolers have usually been cleaned by-reverse flushing with a suitable solvent. However, this is not entirely satisfactory as it is extremely difl'icult with this method to remove all the metal particles which may have entered the device. Moreover, reverse flushing of coolers requires the use of ment and such equipment is not always available, particularly at remote air fields, thus causing a serious delay in maintenance which results in tying up of the aircraft for undue periods of time.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an oil cooler which overcomes the above difliculties. This is effected by providing a removable core so that the cleaning of said core may be effected quickly, efiiciently and thoroughly.

Inasmuch as saving in space and weight in aircraft are important factors, it is desirable to have the cooler as compact and light in weight as possible and these requirements are met in the present invention.

Another object of the invention is to provide a cooler of this character that is highly eflicient in operation.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a device of this character wherein there is effective sealing means for the ends of the core.

Still another object of the invention is to provide effective sealing means for the baffles so as to minimize bypassing of said baflies.

A further object of the invention is to provide a 'device of this character wherein axial play between the core and shell is eliminated.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a device of this character having means whereby the removable core is retained in the shell in such a manner as to maintain a close fit therein and compensate for any build up in construction tolerances.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will.

appear in the following part of the specification.

a substantial amount of equip- Fig. 1 is a side elevation with parts broken away so as to show certain portions of the interior construction in 7 section;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the device;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the core assembly removed from the shell;

I Fig. 4 is a side view of a baflle assembly; 7

Fig. 5 is an edge view of the same;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a cross-section taken on line 77 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 88 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 99 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 10 is an end view of the cooleras seen from line 1010 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing the I relationship between the flange, header, and manifolding and retaining means therefor;

Fig. 12 is a sectional Fig. 1; and

Fig. 13 .is a view similar to Fig. 11 showing a thicker.

generally at 12 and 13 respectively. comprises a tubular or cylindrical barrelor body 14 which has an inlet port 15 adjacent one end and an outlet port 16 adjacent the opposite end, said ports being in substantially the same radial plane. At

each end. of the body 14 is a flange 17 which may be formed integrally with the body portion 14 or which may be secured thereto asby welding or the like as shown in the drawings, said flanges being welded at 18 to the tubular body 14.

Both flanges are alike and than the shell 14. The ends of the shell 14 are received a limited distance within said flanges as indicated at 20, Fig. 1. Adjacent the end of the body 14 is an annular groove 21 in the flange 17 and spaced outwardly from the groove 21 and adjacent the free end of the flange is another groove 22 for reception of a retaining ring 23 as will be more fully described hereinafter.

Between the inlet and outlet ports 15 and 16 respectively and adjacent the latter is a fixture, indicated generally at 25, which is provided with an inlet 26 and an outlet 27 separated by a-partition 28 which is welded or otherwise suitably secured to the body 14 by welding, as

at 29, the other portions of the fixture being also welded much shorter channel member 38, having a closed end 39, is also marginally welded or brazed or otherwise suitably secured to the shell body 14. The inner end of said channel member 38 is secured to the fixture 25 by welding or any other suitable means and provides an outlet passage 40 between the outlet port 16 and the outlet.

passage 27 in the fixture.

A suitable valve mechanism, indicated generally at 42, is secured to the fixture 25 Figs. 2 and 10. The valve mechanism 42 has an inlet 44 Patented Oct. 23, 1957 view taken 0;. line 12-42 of indicated generally at 11, and end mani- A are shown as being thicker Fig. 2.

by screws 43 or the like,';

connected to the inlet passage 26 of the fixture and an outlet 45 connected to the outlet 27 of the fixture. Suitable valve mechanism, not shown, controls the flow of fluid in the mechanism in the well-known manner.

The core assembly 11 comprises end or header plates 50 which are perforated for reception of the respective ends of radiator tubes 51, there being a plurality of said radiator tubes arranged in spaced relation to each other to permit the flow of oil therebetween. The tubes 51 are swaged into the header plates 50 in the usual manner. The inner sides of the header plates are provided with a plurality of annularly spaced openings or blind holes 53 which extend but part way through said plates. As shown, there are eight openings 53 in each header plate and said openings receive respective end portions-of wires or rods 54 which extend from one end of the assembly to the other, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 7. The core assembly also is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced baffles, indicated generally at 55, and each baflle comprises a baffle plate 56 which is provided with a plurality of perforations 57 in which the tubes 51 are adapted to be rather snugly received. There are also perforations 58 for reception of the wires 5.4. The baffle plate 56 has a cutaway portion along the line 60. to provide cross-over passages 60a between compartments. 61 defined by the end baflie platesand the adjacent header plates and compartments 61b between said endcompartmentts and defined by the baffle plates. Each baifle is shown as provided with a marginal resilient sealing member 62 which extend peripherally of the baffle between the ends of the opening 60. The seal is secured by a retainer member 63 secured to the baifle by rivets 64 and suitably spaced therefrom by spacers 65 on said rivets 64. The seal 62 extends outwardly of the periphery of the baffle somewhat and is under some compression between the bafile and retainer 63, the spacers 65 limiting the amount of compression on the seal. The, sealing means may, alternatively be a piston-ringlike type. Should the baffles otherwise fit in the shell snugly enough so that bypassing the baffles is negligible, the peripheral sealing member or means may be omitted.

The baflles 55 are maintained inthe desired spaced relationship in the core assembly by metallic sleeves 67, which may be termed spacers or spacer sleeves, on the wires 54 and resilient sleeves 68 are provided on the sleeves 67. The wires 54 and the resilient sleeves are so located as to contact the inner surface of the shell.

body 14. to provide a seal against circumferential flow and force the oil to flow through the central. regions of the chambers 61 and 61b. It is also to. be. noted that the openings formed between the cutaway portions 60 of the baffles are alternately arranged on the core so asto provide a tortuous flow path, indicated between, arrows 70, Fig. 3, between theinlet port 15. and the outlet port.

16, Fig. l The flow through the cooler is across the tubes 51 and hence the cooler is in the, nature of a. crossflow cooler. The seal 62 of the baflies also engagesthe inside surface of the shell body 14 to prevent bypassing of oil marginally of said baffles. From the foregoing it. will be apparent that the wires or rods 54 serve. as supporting means for the spacer and resilient sleeves. These wires or rods also help maintain the plates and bafliesof the core in alignment during installation of thetubes Referring to Figs. 1 and 11, the header plates are lo cated in the flanges 17 as shown in the cutaway portion of said flange. That is, the headerplate in each flange hasaportionwhich extends beyond the adjacent end of; the shell body 14in line with the groove 21in which'is reeeivedano. ring 72 whichfunctions as a sealing gasket between the-flange andthe header plate. The manifold comprises a body portion 75 having a. rim 76. with a cylindrical flange portion 77 extendingberweenthe header.

plate 50 and flange 1 7. The ,flan'ge 77 engages the gasket 72 on one side and said gasket 72'engages the endportion 20 of the shell'body-14 thereby providing a se l be.-

tween the various parts. The outer end or face of the header plate 50 engages a shoulder 79 of the rim 76 and the parts are held snugly together by the retaining ring 23 which is received in the annular recess 22. The recess 22 has an outer wall 80 which is normal to the axis of the device, a bottom wall 81 engaged by the peripheral side of the ring 23, a wall 82 parallel with, opposite to and of less height than the wall 80. The groove 22 is further defined by an upwardly and inwardly inclined wall 83 which extends from the inner end of the wall 82 and facilitates insertion of the gasket The flange 17 has a cylindrical surface 85 between the grooves 22 and 21, said surface 85 overlying a groove 86 in the rim 76 and said groove 86 sealingly receives an 0 ring 87 which serves as a sealing gasket between the manifold and said surface 85.

The manifold has an annular outer surface 90 which is normal to the axis of the device and against which the retaining ring 23 is adapted to abut. It is to be noted that in Figs. 1 and 11, the thickness of the retaining ring 23 is less than the width of groove 22 between the walls 80 and 82. In these figures, the ring is sufficiently wide to provide the proper tight fit between the parts. However, in Fig. 13 it is to be noted that the ring 23a, corresponding to the ring 23 in Figs. 1 and 11, is somewhat thicker than the ring 23 and substantially fills the space between the walls 80 and 82 of the groove 22 to provide the necessary tight seal between the parts where the core is shorter relative to the shell than that in the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 11. Thus, by use of retaining rings of suitable thickness, variations in the manufacturing tolerances are compensated for. It is to be understood, of course, that retaining rings of various thickness may be used to compensate for the differences in relative length of the shell and core and that the thickness of such rings depends on the variations in the relative length of said core and shell.

7 Each of. the end manifolds 12 and 13 have a conduit portion 92 and 93 respectively which terminates in an enlarged cavity 94 communicating with arecess 95 whereby the conduit portions. 92 and 93 are in communication withpthe. entire. end. portion of the core. The conduit 92 is shown as the inlet for a coolant which may be a liquid such as engine fuel which flowsv through the tubes 51 and the, conduit portion: 93 comprises the outlet for such coolant. Ithas. been found highly desirable to cause the coolant to flow axially in a direction opposite that of the general flow direction of the oil. in the cooler. However thefuel may flow in the same direction as the general direction. oftheoil flow. It. is also to be under- Stood. that. the inlet and outlet for the. fuel may be at the same end ofthe cooler so that the fuel will make. a plurality of. passes; (two. passes) through the core.

Inv order to remove. the core from the shell, the manifolds Hand 13 are removed by first removing the retaining rings 23 which secure said manifolds in the assembly. With the manifolds removed, the core can be readily removed from the shell by longitudinal pressure. After the core has been cleaned; it may be readily replaced and the manifolds securedbythe retaining rings 23.

I claim:

-'1. Ina baflie for oil coolers: a perforated plate having a-notclr in the periphery thereof; a peripherally extending rubber seal along the unnotched. portion of the periphery of said plate, said seal, extending radially outwardly an appreciable distance beyond the peripheral edge thereof; a retainer member substantially coextensive P0 with said seal, said seal being secured under compression 1 betweensaid retainer. member andplate; and spacers between .said retainer andplate for. limiting thecompression oti the seal therebetween.

2. In an oil cooler: a tubular shell; aremovable. core 'in, said shell, said shell includinga plurality of radiator tubes extending longitudinally of the shell; battles arranged transversely of the tubes and spaced laterally apart in substantially parallel relationship with each other, said baflies having openings therein adjacent the periphery thereof; tie rods between the header plates, said tie rods being received in the openings in said baflles so that they are adjacent the periphery of the core; and resilient sleeves on at least some of said tie rods disposed so that portions of said sleeves will extend beyond the peripheral plane of the baflles and engage the inner surface of the tubular shell to thereby provide a resilient connection between the core and shell.

3. In an oil cooler: a tubular shell; a removable core in said shell, said core including a plurality of radiator tubes extending longitudinally of the shell; baffles arranged transversely of the tubes and spaced laterally apart in substantially parallel relationship with each other, said baflies having openings therein adjacent the periphery thereof; resilient seals extending peripherally about the baffles from one side of the openings to the other end extending laterally outwardly of the peripheral edges of the baffles and engageable with the inner surface of the shell; tie rods between the header plates, said tie rods being received in the openings in said baflles so that they are adjacent the periphery of the core; and resilient sleeves on at least some of said tie rods disposed so that portions of said sleeves will extend beyond the peripheral plane of the baflles and engage the inner surface of the tubular shell, said resilient seals and resilient sleeves providing means resiliently supporting the core within said shell.

4. In an oil cooler of the type having a tubular shell and a core with a disk-like header at one end removably disposed within the shell: means for retaining the core within the shell and closing the end of the latter, said means comprising an annular flange provided on said tubular shell, said flange forming first and second internal grooves, the first groove being disposed at the end of said shell in registration with the edge of said header and the second being spaced outwardly therefrom by an annular wall surface; a resilient gasket in said first groove, said gasket engaging the end edge of said shell and the edge of said header; a manifold formed for reception by said annular flange, said manifold having an annular flange on the inner end for engaging and urging said gasket toward the end edge of said shell, said manifold having an annular groove in the outer edge in registration with the inner annular wall surface of said flange; a second resilient gasket disposed in the groove in said manifold; and a retaining ring removably received in the second groove in said flange, said retaining ring extending inwardly beyond the outer edge of said manifold to prevent movement of said manifold outwardly of said flange.

5. In an oil cooler of the type having a tubular shell element and a core with a disk-like header at one end removably disposed within the shell: means for retaining the core within the shell and closing the end of the latter, said means comprising an annular flange element disposed on said tubular shell, one of said elements forming a shoulder in registration with the edge of the disk-like header and facing the end of the shell, said flange element having an internal groove adjacent the outer end; a resilient gasket disposed between said flange and the edge of said header, said gasket engaging said shoulder; a

manifold formed for reception by said flange, said manifold having an annular projection on the inner end for clamping said gasket against said shoulder, said manifold having an external groove in the side wall thereof; a resilient gasket compressively held in said external groove by said flange element; and a retaining ring removably positioned in the groove in said flange element, said retaining ring extending inwardly beyond the outer edge of said manifold to prevent movement of said manifold out of said flange element.

6. In an oil cooler of the type having a tubular shell and a core with a disk-like header at one end removably disposed within the shell: means for closing the end of the shell and retaining the core therein comprising a flange disposed on said shell to provide a groove with a substantially closed end at the edge of said disk-like header, said flange having an annular recess adjacent the outer end thereof; a resilient gasket positioned in said groove in engagement with said closed end; a manifold positioned in said flange, said manifold having an annular projection extending into said groove to clamp said gasket against the closed end thereof; a second resilient gasket between the edge of said manifold and the inner surface of said flange; and a retaining ring removably positioned in the annular recess in said flange, said retaining ring extending inwardly beyond the outer periphery of said manifold to prevent movement of said manifold out of said flange.

7. In an oil cooler of the type having a tubular shell and a core with a disk-like header at one end removably disposed within the shell: means for closing the end of the shell and retaining the core therein comprising a manifold formed for reception by the end of said shell; a resilient gasket clamped between said shell and the periphery of said header by said manifold; a second resilient gasket compressively held between the edge of said manifold and the inner surface of said shell; and a retaining ring removably engaged with said shell, said ring projecting inwardly beyond the outer periphery of said manifold to prevent movement of said manifold out of said shell.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,617,451 Kniskern Feb. 15, 1927 1,640,746 Brown Aug. 30, 1927 1,722,109 Potter July 23, 1929 1,902,494 Emmet Mar. 21, 1933 2,025,545 Muff Dec. 24, 1935 2,181,704 M-cNeal Nov. 28, 1939 2,278,881 Jacocks Apr. 7, 1942 2,399,327 Cullen Apr. 30, 1946 2,411,097 Kopp Nov. 12, 1946 2,460,660 Tinker Feb. 1, 1949 2,498,145 Tinker Feb. 21, 1950 2,512,748 Lucke June 27, 1950 2,517,921 Phares Aug. 8, 1950 2,545,651 Cummings Mar. 20, 1951 2,595,822 Uggerby May 6, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 530,357 Great Britain Dec. 10, 1940 

